Final test

By the time the new environmental compliance policy takes effect next quarter, the research panel ________ data on urban emissions for over five years.

Hardly ________ the contract negotiations when the lead delegate raised an unexpected objection regarding the intellectual property rights.

The board of directors ________ a series of emergency strategy meetings all morning, which explains why no official statement has been released yet.

The lab assistant ________ the primary server before leaving, as all the unbacked-up experimental results were lost during the power outage.

Considering that the preliminary testing showed minor discrepancies, the software engineer ________ the source code more thoroughly prior to deployment.

Given how meticulous the quality control team is, they ________ such an obvious flaw in the initial prototype.

If the chief executive ________ the financial risks more carefully last year, the company ________ facing potential bankruptcy right now.

________ the government lower the corporate tax rate, many multinational enterprises would consider relocating their headquarters to the region.

Had the team members communicated their concerns earlier, the project ________ delayed by several weeks.

The proposed administrative reform ________ by the parliamentary steering committee before the end of the current legislative session.

The ancient historical manuscripts are believed ________ during the unrest in the late eighteenth century.

Under no circumstances ________ confidential customer information to third-party vendors without explicit consent.

________ recent advances in artificial intelligence have completely transformed ________ modern healthcare sector.

Professor Jenkins presented ________ intriguing theory regarding ________ origin of non-verbal communication patterns.

The committee’s findings were completely incompatible ________ the hypothesis previously published by the research institute.

The legal team insisted ________ obtaining full access to all archived digital correspondence prior to trial.

In accordance ________ new international regulations, all maritime transport vessels must reduce their sulfur emissions.

To comply with the updated cybersecurity protocol, the university administration ________ all administrative passwords reset yesterday.

The lead auditor ________ the accounting department double-check all invoices before finalizing the annual financial report.

Seldom ________ such a striking consensus among leading global climate scientists regarding immediate policy interventions.

The results of the preliminary study were ________ promising, though further empirical trials are necessary to confirm the outcome.

Not until the audit was completed ________ the full extent of the budgetary mismanagement.

Such ________ of the new software that the IT department decided to roll it out company-wide immediately.

The initial experimental outcome ________ to suggest that the compound may inhibit cellular degradation.

The observed statistical correlation is ________ linked to seasonal climate variations rather than industrial activity.

The ethical compliance panel recommended that the clinical trial ________ suspended immediately pending further safety investigations.

The lead researcher ________ having altered any raw data during the processing phase of the study.

The opposition spokesperson ________ the ministry for failing to address the rising inflation rate in a timely manner.

The paper presents an analysis of ________ designed to increase energy efficiency in municipal buildings.

A ________ was introduced to help local enterprises recover from economic downturns.

Original: “The company expanded rapidly into foreign markets, which helped increase its profits.”

Nominalised: “The company’s rapid ________ into foreign markets contributed to a rise in profits.”

Original: “The regional directors analyzed how efficiently the budget was allocated.”

Nominalised: “The regional directors conducted an analysis of the ________.”

The higher the rate of domestic inflation, ________ the purchasing power of the national currency becomes.

This year’s operational deficit is nowhere near ________ severe as the crisis experienced by the firm in 2020.

The findings of the secondary study were ________ superior to those produced by the initial clinical trials.

Regrettably, ________ evidence was found to substantiate the whistleblower’s claims during the preliminary audit.

The proposed architectural adjustments will require ________ financial investment than originally projected by the council.

________ of the questionnaires received contained incomplete demographic data and had to be excluded from the analysis.

It is widely acknowledged ________ long-term stress can severely compromise the human immune system.

________ the intervention yielded immediate short-term improvements, its long-term viability remains uncertain.

The primary objective of this paper is ________ the economic consequences of global supply chain disruptions.

Select the correct reduced form of the following active relative clause:

“Researchers who work in the field of quantum computing must adhere to rigorous safety protocols.

Choose the correct reduced passive clause:

“The statistical report that was published by the ministry yesterday raised several urgent questions.”

Which sentence correctly reduces the progressive passive action (Continuous Passive)?

Identify the option that correctly replaces the relative clause with a prepositional phrase:

“Delegates who are at the international summit will vote on the proposed treaty.”

Which compressed option correctly uses nominalisation to replace the verb phrase?

“The department expanded rapidly, which boosted company earnings.”

Choose the sentence that correctly uses a perfect participle to show a prior cause-and-effect relationship:

Select the option that uses an infinitive phrase to reduce a clause expressing purpose or obligation:

“Here is a list of international compliance regulations that must be followed during production.”

Find the sentence that contains a grammatically INCORRECT reduction (Common Mistake):

Which sentence demonstrates the correct reduced structure after There is / There are?